红外与X光图像融合方法研究

首先用交互式配准方法对采集到的红外与X光图像进行配准,然后采用像素加权平均进行融合,得到了能反映构件表面和内部结构的温度场的融合图像,最后进行了图像融合的质量评价。实验结果表明,融合图像既包含构件的温度场分布,同时能反映出构件内部清晰的结构。     

电子显微镜中的康普顿散射

在电子显微镜中,通过记录大角非弹性散射电子能量损失谱来研究固体材料基态电子动量密度分布的方法,称为固体的电子康普顿散射技术(electron Compton scattering from solids,ECOSS)。利用该技术得到的康普顿轮廓的动量分辨率可以达到从同步辐射光源上得到的康普顿轮廓的动量分辨率水平;而其非常短的收集时间,使利用康普顿散射对固体材料电子动量密度的系统研究成为可能。本文简要介绍了该技术的背景、实验方法、理论基础,研究进展和应用。     

CARE Dose4D技术在低剂量CT胸部体检中的应用探讨

目的：探讨CARE Dose4D技术在低剂量CT胸部体检的应用价值。方法：收集健康体检者160例,随机分为ABCD四组,各40例,参考管电流依次降低,然后评价四组图像质量,并计算有效吸收剂量（ED）。结果：BCD三组有效剂量均较A组降低,图像噪声增加,图像质量有所下降但不影响诊断。结论：采用该技术在可得到满足诊断的CT图像时大幅降低辐射剂量。     

TA4微弧氧化陶瓷膜层的结构与性能研究

利用微弧氧化法在纯钛TA4表面制备以Ti O2为主体富含钙磷的多孔陶瓷膜层。采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、接触角测量仪及电化学工作站观测与分析陶瓷膜层的微观形貌、元素成分及相组成,探讨微弧氧化对其润湿性及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,TA4微弧氧化陶瓷膜层表面粗糙多孔,为锐钛矿相与金红石相Ti O2的混晶结构,金红石相的质量分数约为74.39%。TA4经微弧氧化改性后,表面粗糙度增加了1个数量级,接触角明显下降,表面能提高了87.05%,极性力分量增加了166.07%,体现出更好的润湿性能;自腐蚀电位正移0.53 V,腐蚀电流密度与腐蚀速率均减少了3个数量级,表现出更优的耐腐蚀性能。     

近红外光谱结合神经网络判别茶鲜叶产地

为快速、无损的判别鲜叶产地,维护恩施玉露的地理标志产品属性,采集恩施市芭蕉乡、白果乡和咸丰县茶鲜叶近红外光谱,经光谱预处理后,对校正集66个样品光谱数据进行主成分分析,然后建立BP神经网络预测模型,对验证集鲜叶样品的产地进行了预测,建立了8(输入节点)-4(隐含层节点)-1(输出节点)三层网络模型,验证集样品判别准确率为100%.近红外光谱技术结合神经网络能够快速、准确地判别茶鲜叶产地.     

Dielectric Relaxation and Conductivity of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3and Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3

The frequency dependent dielectric properties of barium magnesium tantalate(BMT),Ba(Mg_(1/3)Ta(2/3))O_3 and barium zinc tantalate(BZT),Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3 synthesized by solid state reaction technique have been investigated at various temperatures by impedance spectroscopy.BMT and BZT possess cubic structure with lattice parameter a = 0.708 and 0.451 nm,respectively.The resonance peaks due to dielectric relaxation processes are observed in the loss tangent of these oxides.The relaxation in the samples is polydispersive in nature.The temperature dependence of dc conductivity,the most probable relaxation frequency(ω_m) obtained from tanδ vs logw plots and ω_m obtained from imaginary parts of the complex electrical modulus vs logw plots follow the Arrhenius behavior.According to these Arrhenius plots the activation energies of BMT and BZT are about 0.54 and 0.40 eV,respectively.Thus the results indicate that samples are semiconducting in nature.The frequency-dependent electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms.Both these formalisms show qualitative similarities in relaxation time.Our study points that for complex perovskite oxides with general formula A(B'B")O_3,the dielectric properties significantly depend on the atomic radii of both A and B type cations.BMT and BZT exhibit enhancement in dielectric property compared to their niobate counterparts.They may find several technological applications such as in capacitors,resonators and filters owing to their high dielectric constant and low loss tangent.     

Lactobionic Acid as a New Synergist in Combination with Phosphonate-Zn(Ⅱ)System for Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel

Studies on lactobionic acid introduced as a synergist in the presence of phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid(PBTC) and zinc ions for corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment are presented.The investigations revealed that lactobionic acid(LBA) acts as an excellent synergist in corrosion inhibition.Optimum concentrations of all the three components of the ternary formulation are established by gravimetric studies.Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that the new ternary system is a mixed inhibitor.Impedance studies show that a protective film is formed on the metal surface in the presence of the inhibitor formulation.The film is found to exhibit its protective nature even at higher temperatures up to 60 °C.Analysis of the protective film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy infers the presence of Zn(OH)_2,oxides and hydroxides of iron and the inhibitor molecules in the surface film probably in the form of a complex,[Zn(ll)—PBTC—LBA].The morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the topographical studies by atomic force microscopy(AFM) also indicate the presence of protective film on the metal surface.A plausible mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.     

In Situ Corrosion Monitoring of Mild Steel in a Simulated Tidal Zone without Marine Fouling Attachment by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The corrosion behaviors of the isolated short and vertical long scale Q235B steel in a simulated tidal zone were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） monitoring and corrosion weight loss calculation in an experimental indoor simulating trough. The results show that the corrosion rate of the isolated short scale Q235B steel in the tidal zone acquired by the EIS agrees with the corrosion weight loss result. The corrosion rates of the short scale steel are in the order of middle tidal zone 〉 the central zone between the middle tidal zone and low tidal zone 〉 high tidal zone 〉 low tidal zone. The fastest corrosion rate in the middle tidal zone is attributed to the longest wet time in a tidal cycle. According to the comparison of corrosion weight loss between the vertical long scale and isolated short scale specimens, the corrosion rate of vertical long scale specimens of Q235B steel is lower than that of the isolated short scale specimens in the tidal zone, but the result is contrary in the immersion zone.     

Three-dimensional structured on-chip stacked zone plates for nanoscale X-ray imaging with high efficiency

Fresnel zone plates are the key optical elements for nanoscale focusing of X-ray beams with high spatial resolution. Conventional zone plates manufactured by planar nanotechnology processes are limited by the achievable aspect ratios of their zone structures. Additionally, ultra-high resolution X-ray optics with high efficiency requires three-dimensional （3-D） shaped tilted zones. The combination of high spatial resolution and high diffraction efficiency is a fundamental problem in X-ray optics. Based on electrodynamical simulations, we find that the optimized zone plate profile for volume diffraction is given by zone structures with radially increasing tilt angles and decreasing zone heights. On-chip stacking permits the realization of such advanced 3-D profiles without significant loss of the maximum theoretical efficiency. We developed triple layer on-chip stacked zone plates with an overlay accuracy of sub-2 nm which fulfills the nanofabrication requirements. Efficiency measurements of on-chip stacked zone plates show significantly increased values compared to conventional zone plates.     

The effect of nanoscale surface curvature on the oligomerization of surface-bound proteins

The influence of surface topography on protein conformation and association is used routinely in biological cells to orchestrate and coordinate biomolecular events. In the laboratory, controlling the surface curvature at the nanoscale offers new possibilities for manipulating protein–protein interactions and protein function at surfaces. We have studied the effect of surface curvature on the association of two proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which perform their function at the oil–water interface in milk emulsions. To control the surface curvature at the nanoscale, we have used a combination of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) and ultrathin PS films to fabricate chemically pure, hydrophobic surfaces that are highly curved and are stable in aqueous buffer. We have used single-molecule force spectroscopy to measure the contour lengths L_c for α-LA and β-LG adsorbed on highly curved PS surfaces (NP diameters of 27 and 50 nm, capped with a 10 nm thick PS film), and we have compared these values in situ with those measured for the same proteins adsorbed onto flat PS surfaces in the same samples. The L_c distributions for β-LG adsorbed onto a flat PS surface contain monomer and dimer peaks at 60 and 120 nm, respectively, while α-LA contains a large monomer peak near 50 nm and a dimer peak at 100 nm, with a tail extending out to 200 nm, corresponding to higher order oligomers, e.g. trimers and tetramers. When β-LG or α-LA is adsorbed onto the most highly curved surfaces, both monomer peaks are shifted to much smaller values of L_c. Furthermore, for β-LG, the dimer peak is strongly suppressed on the highly curved surface, whereas for α-LA the trimer and tetramer tail is suppressed with no significant change in the dimer peak. For both proteins, the number of higher order oligomers is significantly reduced as the curvature of the underlying surface is increased. These results suggest that the surface curvature provides a new method of manipulating protein–protein interactions and controlling the association of adsorbed proteins, with applications to the development of novel biosensors.